How to sync desktop outlook 2010 emails and folders with my mac or pc laptop?

I receive some times over 200 emails a day and I need to be very organized in order to keep track of what I have taken care of and what I have not. Needles to say I depend very much on my desktop outlook (2010), I have created several folders under the inbox folder of my outlook to move each email I received after I have responded to them. This has worked just fine the only issue that I have is that every time I go on a business trip I don't use my laptop outlook, ((mac air pro) where I also have microsoft office) because the folders I create in my desktop are not in the laptop and therefore I can't make changes to the email, or move them from inbox to any of my folders on my desktop. For this reason I have to check my emails via gmail, respond all them and when I come back to the office I have to move one by one all the emails that I have already read and responded, which in some cases can take me half of a day considering I only left for a couple of days (300-400 emails)